The artichoke, a magnificent gift from nature, has established itself as a superfood that promotes both health and appearance. Its considerable content of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals positions it as a powerful partner for a healthy and vital life. Artichokes play an important role in supporting digestion, stimulating liver function and contributing to detoxification, leading to an overall improved sense of well-being. Their ability to lower cholesterol, promote bile production and fight oxidative damage is well documented by scientific studies.

The active ingredients contained in artichokes, including bitter substances, phenolic acids and flavonoids, are largely responsible for their health-promoting effects. These components help to cleanse and revitalize the body from the inside. In addition, artichokes support drainage through their diuretic properties and thus promote firm and clear skin. The rich fiber in artichokes makes them an ideal food for a balanced and weight-conscious diet.

Contained in the following product: purisitc - DETOXIFICATION

Valerian root, a valuable herb found in nature, is widely recognized for its calming effects and has served as a natural path to relaxation and inner peace for centuries. Ideal for those seeking restful sleep, valerian has a calming effect on the nervous system, reducing stress and promoting deeper, better quality sleep. Not only does it support mental health by relieving anxiety, it also promotes physical relaxation. Due to its gentle and natural action, valerian is valued as a preferred alternative to synthetic tranquilizers without causing addiction.

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Bamboo extract, a remarkable natural product, is increasingly recognized as a key component for health and beauty. It is rich in silicon, an essential building block for the elasticity and strength of skin, hair and nails. These properties help to revitalize the skin, promote healthy hair growth and strengthen nails, thereby reducing brittleness and increasing shine. Antioxidant properties of bamboo extract additionally protect against free radicals, delaying the aging process and thus preserving the youthfulness of the skin. In addition, bamboo extract supports collagen production and thereby improves skin structure and moisture. This makes it an all-in-one booster that works both externally and internally.

Included in the following product: puristic – SKIN, HAIR, NAILS

Coenzyme Q10, a prominent antioxidant, is actually known for its multiple health-promoting properties, including supporting cellular energy production, heart and circulatory function, protecting against oxidative stress, and improving skin quality by smoothing fine lines and increasing skin elasticity. Its antioxidant action protects the skin from the damaging effects of free radicals that contribute to the aging process. It is a key element in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that plays a central role in energy production while also acting as an antioxidant to protect cells from free radical damage. These properties contribute to its effects on vitality, physical performance, and endurance. In addition, coenzyme Q10 is believed to have positive effects on blood pressure and nervous system health.

Included in the following product: puristic – CELL PROTECTION & ENERGY BOOSTER

The 12 strains of intestinal bacteria contained in puristic capsules actually play an essential role in intestinal health, supporting the immune system and improving digestion. A balanced intestinal flora, enriched with specific bacterial strains, can support the absorption of essential nutrients and produce vital vitamins. In addition, the intestinal flora is central to fighting inflammatory diseases, can reduce the risk of digestive disorders and contribute to a healthy metabolism. In addition, there is increasing evidence that the intestinal flora can also have a positive effect on mental health via the gut-brain axis.

Included in the following product: puristic – HEALTHY GUT

Folic acid, a B vitamin, plays a central role in human health, particularly highlighted by its importance in pregnancy and for the cardiovascular system. Its crucial function in red blood cell formation and DNA synthesis and repair helps minimize the risk of genetic defects. Research confirms the importance of folic acid before and during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in newborns. In addition, folic acid supports the cardiovascular system by lowering homocysteine ​​levels, thus reducing the risk of heart disease. Regular intake of folic acid also contributes to improved brain function and general well-being.

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purisitc – MULTIPOWER AZ

Known as the soul of beer, hops offer extensive health benefits that go far beyond their distinctive flavor. This powerful herb has calming properties that promote restful sleep, aids digestion, and counteracts ailments such as bloating and cramps. Its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial compounds strengthen the immune system, and it is also said to have a positive effect on mood and relieve stress. In addition, the rich antioxidants in hops protect cells from oxidative stress.

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Copper, an essential trace element, is essential for numerous bodily functions. It supports iron absorption and plays a crucial role in the formation of red blood cells, which in turn leads to improved oxygen supply to the body. Copper is also important for maintaining healthy bones, blood vessels and nerves. In addition, copper has antioxidant properties that can protect the body from free radicals and slow down the aging process. It contributes to immune function and has potential antiviral and antibacterial effects. A balanced intake of copper is therefore essential for a strong immune system and general well-being.

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puristic – SKIN, HAIR, NAILS

puristic – MULTIPOWER AZ

L-carnitine, a naturally occurring amino acid, is crucial for energy metabolism by transporting long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria where they are burned for energy. Research shows that L-carnitine improves physical performance, speeds recovery after exercise, reduces muscle fatigue, supports heart health, and is potentially effective in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. It also promotes cognitive function and may be useful in weight management therapy by supporting fat burning.

Included in the following product: puristic – CELL PROTECTION & ENERGY BOOSTER

Often described as the aroma of relaxation, lavender offers a variety of health benefits that go far beyond its distinctive scent. It has been scientifically proven that lavender can relieve stress and anxiety, leading to deeper, more restful sleep. Applying lavender oil to the skin can soothe skin irritations and help heal cuts and burns. Inhaling or using aromatherapy with lavender promotes concentration and general well-being. In addition to supporting mental health, this versatile herb also has anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties.

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L-lysine, an essential amino acid, is a valuable building block for health. It supports the immune system by promoting the production of antibodies and plays a key role in fighting off viruses, especially in the prevention and treatment of herpes infections. L-lysine also supports the formation of collagen, which is essential for healthy skin, hair and nails. In addition, it supports calcium absorption and thus contributes to bone health, while reducing the risk of osteoporosis. For athletes, L-lysine supports muscle recovery and growth. Incorporating L-lysine into the diet promotes well-being and vitality.

Included in the following product: puristic – FIEBERBLASE ADE

Known for its extensive health benefits, milk thistle supports liver health in a variety of ways. It promotes the regeneration of liver cells, protects against harmful toxins and inflammation, and is used as an adjunct treatment for chronic inflammatory liver disease, cirrhosis, and toxic liver damage. Milk thistle also supports digestion, helps regulate cholesterol levels, and provides antioxidant properties that protect the body from oxidative stress and cell damage.

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Magnesium citrate, a form of the essential mineral magnesium, offers special health benefits due to its enhanced absorption. It is critical for regulating over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including supporting muscle and nerve function, promoting a healthy heart rhythm, and strengthening the immune system. Magnesium citrate helps relieve stress and promotes peaceful, restful sleep. It is also essential for collagen formation, which supports healthy skin, hair, and nails, improves bone density, and may help prevent osteoporosis. It is also beneficial for digestion by promoting gut health and ensuring regular digestion.

Contained in the following product: puristic – MAGENSIUM

Melatonin, the natural sleep hormone, is widely recognized for its role in sleep regulation and as a significant factor in sleep research. Not only does it regulate the sleep cycle and promote restful sleep, it also strengthens the immune system and has antioxidant properties. Melatonin is effective in preventing and treating jet lag and can reduce the risk of certain diseases through its cell-protective effect. Its positive effects on oncology by improving the quality of life of patients have also been documented. Taking melatonin supports a natural, healthy sleep environment and has been shown to help with problems falling asleep.

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Omega-3 fatty acids, vital components for overall health, support numerous bodily functions. They play a central role in brain health, improve cognitive function and may help alleviate depression. These essential fats promote a strong heart by improving cholesterol levels and reducing inflammation, which significantly lowers the risk of heart disease. For eye health, they offer protection against age-related macular degeneration. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory effects, relieve joint pain and promote mobility. They are essential to a diet that promotes well-being and longevity.

Included in the following product: puristic – BRAINBOOSTER OMEGA 3

Selenium, an essential trace mineral, plays a crucial role in the functioning of the immune system and thyroid, helps protect cells from oxidative stress, and helps prevent chronic diseases. Selenium strengthens the body's defenses, promotes healthy heart function, and supports skin integrity. It is known for its preventive properties against certain types of cancer by supporting DNA repair and regulating cell growth.

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puristic – SKIN, HAIR, NAILS

puristic – MULTIPOWER AZ

Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7 and B12 play an essential role in health and support a variety of body functions:

• Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is crucial for energy metabolism and supports nerve function. It is necessary for energy production and plays a role in the functioning of the nervous system and muscles.
• Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) promotes healthy skin and eyes and is involved in the processing of iron in the body. It also supports energy metabolism and the maintenance of normal vision and skin.
• Vitamin B3 (niacin) improves skin health and can help lower cholesterol levels. It is important for converting food into energy, supports skin health and has a positive effect on the nervous system.
• Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) contributes to fatty acid metabolism and is necessary for the synthesis of coenzyme A, which is essential for various biochemical reactions in the body.
• Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is essential for immune function, mood regulation and red blood cell formation. It plays a role in more than 100 enzyme reactions in the body, especially in protein metabolism.
• Vitamin B7 (D-biotin), also known as vitamin H, plays an essential role in a number of metabolic processes in the human body, including fatty acid metabolism, glucose metabolism and amino acid synthesis. Research has shown that biotin deficiency can lead to a variety of health problems, while adequate biotin is important for maintaining the health of skin, hair and nails, as well as neurological function.
• Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) supports nerve health, is crucial for DNA synthesis and improves energy levels. It is important for the formation of red blood cells and the functioning of the nervous system.

In summary, these B vitamins support a variety of vital functions in the body, including energy metabolism, nervous system, skin health, immune function, and more. Balanced levels of these vitamins are key to strong nerves, robust health, and energy. A deficiency in one or more of these vitamins can lead to specific health problems, while adequate supplies help promote health and overall well-being.

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Vitamin C, a natural, water-soluble vitamin found primarily in fruits and vegetables, is essential for humans and must be obtained through food. It has antioxidant properties and performs various functions in metabolism. Vitamin C not only supports the immune system and serves as a powerful ally in the fight against colds, but its antioxidant properties also protect cells from harmful free radicals. It promotes collagen production and gives the skin natural elasticity and firmness. Vitamin C can also lighten pigment spots and give an even, radiant complexion.

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Vitamin D3, also known as the sunshine vitamin, is an essential nutrient that is important for more than just bone health. It boosts the immune system, protects against disease, supports muscle strength, improves mood, and may help combat depression. Vitamin D3 promotes strong bones and teeth by improving calcium and phosphorus absorption and supports healthy cell division. In addition, it reduces the risk of certain chronic diseases, including heart disease and diabetes.

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Vitamin E, a powerful antioxidant, is vital for cellular health and vitality. It protects cells from oxidative stress and free radical damage, strengthens the immune system, and promotes skin health by supporting the natural barrier function. Vitamin E slows the aging process of the skin, provides hydration, improves skin elasticity, and leads to a radiant, youthful appearance. It also improves wound healing and protects the skin from UV damage. In addition, vitamin E supports heart health by helping to maintain healthy cholesterol levels and is crucial for overall health by improving blood circulation and reducing inflammation.

Included in the following product: purisitc – MULTIPOWER AZ

Zinc is an essential trace element that is essential for the health and beauty of the body. It plays a central role in the immune system and fertility, supports wound healing and is a miracle cure for the skin, fighting acne, promoting cell regeneration and clearing the complexion. Zinc supports protein production and cell division, which is essential for hair and nails, making them stronger and more resilient. It also helps regulate hormone levels and metabolism, contributing to improved general well-being.

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purisitc – IMMUNE BOOSTER

puristic – MULTIPOWER AZ

puristic – SKIN, HAIR, NAILS

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is known for its calming properties and supports relaxation, stress and anxiety relief, and restful sleep. It has a positive effect on digestion by reducing bloating and cramping. Lemon balm has antiviral components that strengthen the immune system, especially in fighting colds and herpes. With antioxidant properties, it protects cells from oxidative stress and contributes to overall health.

Included in the following product: purisitc – GOOD SLEEP

Another study found that artichoke leaf extract improved liver enzymes in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and significantly reduced both triglyceride and cholesterol levels, highlighting its hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering effects (Rangboo et al., 2016, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27293900/ )

The choleretic properties of artichoke extract were confirmed in a study that showed a significant increase in bile production after ingestion of artichoke extract, demonstrating support of digestive function and promotion of detoxification (Kirchhoff et al., 1994, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23195882/ )

One study investigated the influence of valerian root extract on cortical excitability and found that a single dose can modulate intracortical facilitation, suggesting a possible reduction in anxiety (Mineo et al., 2017, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320438713_Valeriana_officinalis_Root_Extract_Modulates_Cortical_Excitatory_Circuits_in_Humans )

Silicon and skin care: One study investigated the effect of oral intake of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid on skin, nails and hair in women with photodamaged skin. It was found that silicon intake improved skin roughness, increased skin hydration and significantly reduced hair and nail brittleness, highlighting the importance of silicon for skin and hair health (Barel et al., 2005, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16205932/ )

Oxidative stress: Coenzyme Q10 acts as a powerful antioxidant that can reduce oxidative stress markers and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in patients with coronary heart disease during statin therapy. This underlines the role of coenzyme Q10 in protection against oxidative stress and its potential therapeutic significance (Lee et al., 2012, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21996047/ )

· Gut-lung connection: The gut flora has a significant impact on the immune response and can even affect organs such as the lungs and brain, which underlines the importance of a healthy gut flora for the entire body (Anand & Mande, 2018, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30283410/ ).

· Gut flora in health and disease: The intestinal flora has important metabolic activities that contribute to energy production and nutrient absorption, have important trophic effects on the intestinal epithelia and the immune system, and protect the host from foreign microbes (Guarner & Malagelada, 2003, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12583961/ ).

Probiotics in viral respiratory infections and neuroinflammatory disorders: Probiotics can strengthen the immune system and have anti-inflammatory effects that are effective not only locally in the gut but also in other organs such as the lungs and brain, which may support the treatment of viral respiratory infections and neuroinflammatory disorders (Shahbazi et al., 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7660077/ ).

· Folic acid in general medicine and dermatology: Folic acid has been shown to be beneficial in the prevention of neural tube defects, can limit the side effects of methotrexate and can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Folic acid is crucial in determining plasma homocysteine ​​levels, a major factor in cardiovascular disease (Gisondi et al., 2007, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17538801/ )

· Folic acid: nutritional biochemical, molecular biological role and role in disease processes: Folic acid prevents neural tube defects such as spina bifida and its ability to lower homocysteine ​​suggests that it may have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease (Lucock, 2000, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11001804/ ).

· Sedative effect of non-alcoholic beer: The sedative effect of hops, a component of beer, was investigated in a study on healthy female nurses. Moderate intake of non-alcoholic beer containing hops significantly improved sleep quality and reduced anxiety (Franco et al., 2012, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399866/ ).

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of copper: Copper acts as a cofactor of antioxidant enzymes to protect the body from oxygen free radicals produced during oxidative stress. It is necessary to maintain a balance between harmful pro-oxidants and antioxidant compounds. Copper can initiate free radical reactions, but is also a cofactor of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that scavenges free radicals (Leung, 1998, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955286398000187 ).

· Interaction between trace elements and viral infections: Several trace elements, including selenium, zinc, copper and manganese, have immunomodulatory functions and thus influence the susceptibility, course and outcome of a variety of viral infections. Some trace elements inhibit virus replication in host cells and exhibit antiviral activity (Chaturvedi et al., 2003, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228859735_Viral_infections_and_trace_elements_Complex_interaction ).

Improvement of physical and mental fatigue and cognitive functions in centenarians by L-carnitine treatment: This study showed that oral administration of L-carnitine caused a reduction in total fat mass, an increase in total muscle mass and increased physical and cognitive activity by reducing fatigue and improving cognitive functions (Malaguarnera et al., 2007, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18065594/ )

L-carnitine supplementation in post-exercise recovery: One study found that L-carnitine alleviated muscle injury and reduced markers of cellular damage and free radical formation, accompanied by a reduction in muscle soreness. These results suggest that L-carnitine supports the post-exercise recovery process and may increase endurance performance by improving blood flow and oxygen delivery to muscle tissue (Fielding et al., 2018, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29534031/ ).

· Improvement of spatial memory: Lavender oil significantly improved anxiety-like behavior and inhibited depression in a model of scopolamine-induced dementia in rats, indicating anxiolytic and antidepressant activity. In addition, spatial memory performance was improved, suggesting positive effects on memory formation (Hritcu et al., 2012, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22402245/ ).

Medical Uses of L-Lysine: L-Lysine plays an essential role in calcium absorption, building muscle protein, recovery after surgery or sports injuries, and production of hormones, enzymes, and antibodies. It shows clinical significance in the treatment of various pathological conditions such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, osteoporosis, anxiety and mood disorders, migraines, and more (Singh, 2011, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267817166_Medicinal_Uses_of_L-Lysine_Past_and_Future ).

Dietary L-lysine and calcium metabolism in humans: L-lysine can both enhance intestinal calcium absorption and promote renal preservation of absorbed calcium. The combined effects may contribute to a positive calcium balance, suggesting potential usefulness of L-lysine supplements for both preventive and therapeutic interventions in osteoporosis (Civitelli et al, 1992, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1486246/ ).

· Treatment of liver damage: Silibinin, the main active ingredient in milk thistle, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties. Despite promising experimental data, the transfer of the findings into clinical practice has not yet been conclusively clarified. This underlines the need for further research to validate the therapeutic potential of silibinin (Rosso et al., 2015, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26219393/ ).

Antioxidant properties: Silymarin, an extract of milk thistle, is valued for its antioxidant properties mediated by directly scavenging free radicals, improving cellular redox balance and activating antioxidant enzymes. These antioxidant mechanisms contribute to liver protection and regeneration (Surai, 2015, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4665566/ ).

· Magnesium and athletes: Magnesium plays a central role in energy production, normal muscle and nerve function, heart rhythm control, blood pressure and immune system strengthening. It promotes calcium absorption and contributes to bone integrity. Due to its role in energy production and storage, normal muscle and nerve function, it has been studied as a performance-enhancing aid for athletes (Volpe, 2015, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26166051/ ).

Magnesium in aging, health, and disease: Changes in magnesium metabolism with age can lead to a variety of diseases and poor health outcomes. Magnesium deficiency is common and associated with many chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and migraines. Adequate magnesium intake may help prevent oxidative stress and chronic conditions associated with aging (Barbagallo et al., 2021, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33573164/ ).

· Clinical use of melatonin: Melatonin plays a role in the immune system and in animal studies shows protective effects against gram-negative sepsis, prevents stress-induced immune deficiency and restores immune function after hemorrhagic shock. In clinical research, melatonin showed positive effects in the treatment of rhythm disorders, such as jet lag, and improved sleep quality in elderly, melatonin-deficient insomniacs (Bubenik et al., 1998, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9730580/ ).

Health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids play a critical role in brain and eye development and appear to offer many benefits, including a reduced risk of heart disease and possibly a reduced likelihood of behavioral problems, depression and inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Good sources include fatty fish and novel sources such as enriched eggs and oils derived from microalgae (Ruxton, 2004, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15357699/ ).

· Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease: This review highlights the broad health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, including their role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and inflammatory diseases. Omega-3 fatty acids may also support cognitive function and are important for brain and eye development (Yashodhara et al., 2009, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19329703/ )

The importance of selenium to human health: Selenium is fundamental to human health as a component of selenoproteins. It is known for its role as an antioxidant and as a catalyst for the production of active thyroid hormone. Selenium is necessary for the proper functioning of the immune system and appears to be a key nutrient in fighting the development of virulence and inhibiting HIV progression to AIDS. It is required for sperm motility and may reduce the risk of miscarriage. Deficiency has been associated with negative mood states. Findings linking selenium to cardiovascular disease risk are mixed, although other conditions involving oxidative stress and inflammation have shown benefits of higher selenium status. Increased selenium consumption may be associated with reduced cancer risk (Rayman, 2000, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10963212/ ).

B vitamins and the brain: This review describes the closely related functions of the eight B vitamins and gathers evidence suggesting that adequate amounts of all members of this group of micronutrients are essential for optimal physiological and neurological function. B vitamin deficiencies can impair various aspects of brain function, including energy metabolism and cognitive performance ( Kennedy, 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772032/ )

Role of vitamins in neurodegenerative diseases: A review shows that vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, and B12 are important micronutrients that strengthen the immune system and fight future infections. Their deficiency leads to various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and depression. Depression is associated with a deficiency of vitamin C and vitamin B. In Alzheimer's, there is a deficiency of vitamin B1, B12, and vitamin A, which leads to Aβ plaques (Kumar et al., 2022, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34802410/ )

Neurotrophic B vitamins in nerve regeneration: This study highlights the key role of vitamins B1, B6 and B12 in maintaining neuronal viability in different ways, especially in nerve regeneration after injury. B vitamins protect nerves against harmful environmental influences and support the development of new cell structures during regeneration (Baltrusch, 2021, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34337067/ ) .

Vitamin C and immune function: Vitamin C is an essential human micronutrient that supports various cellular functions of the innate and adaptive immune system. It contributes to immunity by supporting epithelial barrier function against pathogens and promoting oxidant-scavenging activity of the skin, potentially protecting against environmental oxidative stress. Vitamin C accumulates in phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, and may enhance chemotaxis, phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately microbial killing. It is also necessary for apoptosis and clearance of spent neutrophils from infection sites by macrophages, thereby reducing necrosis/NETosis and potential tissue damage. The role of vitamin C in lymphocytes is less clear, but it has been shown to enhance B and T cell differentiation and proliferation, likely due to its gene regulatory effects. Vitamin C deficiency leads to impaired immunity and higher susceptibility to infections. Conversely, infections have a significant impact on vitamin C levels due to increased inflammation and metabolic demands. Furthermore, vitamin C supplementation appears to enable both the prevention and treatment of respiratory and systemic infections. Prophylactic prevention of infections requires dietary vitamin C intakes that provide at least adequate, if not saturating, plasma levels (i.e., 100–200 mg/day), which optimize cellular and tissue levels. In contrast, treatment of established infections requires significantly higher (gram) doses of the vitamin to meet the increased inflammatory responses and metabolic demands (Carr & Maggini, 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5707683/ ).

Vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid): Antioxidant involved in skin care: Vitamin C, also called l-ascorbic acid, is derived from glucose and is found in many animals. It is one of the safest and most effective nutrients. The benefits of vitamin C include protection against immune system deficiencies, cardiovascular diseases, prenatal health problems, eye diseases, cancer and even skin wrinkles. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant. Vitamin C reduces skin damage, wrinkles by scavenging harmful free radicals. Vitamin C is an essential component for collagen synthesis. It helps thicken the skin and reduce fine lines and wrinkles. Vitamin C is an effective depigmenting agent and is known to inhibit the synthesis of melanin. Vitamin C and its derivatives promote wound healing, control inflammation and reduce erythema. It is a safe, active agent that provides multiple benefits to the skin by improving blood circulation, preventing future damage, and repairing past skin damage caused by age and sun (Saini, Badole & Zanwar, 2013, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302044868_Vitamin_C_l-Ascorbic_Acid_Antioxidant_Involved_in_Skin_Care )

· Optimal vitamin D status for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: Vitamin D3 is essential for maximizing bone health because it improves intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D deficiency is common and increases the risk of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and osteomalacia fractures. Adequate sun exposure or taking at least 800–1000 IU of vitamin D3 daily can counteract vitamin D deficiency and support bone health (Holick, 2007, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18020534/ ).

Regulatory role of vitamin E in the immune system and inflammation: Vitamin E, a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant, has been found at higher concentrations in immune cells than in other blood cells and is known to modulate immune system function and reduce the risk of infection, especially in the elderly. Vitamin E influences T cell function directly through effects on cell membrane integrity, signaling, and cell division, and indirectly by influencing inflammatory mediators produced by other immune cells (Lewis et al., 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7011499/ )

Zinc and immune function: Zinc plays a central role in the immune system, and zinc deficiency leads to increased susceptibility to a variety of pathogens. Zinc affects various aspects of the immune system, from the skin barrier to gene regulation in lymphocytes. It is critical for the normal development and function of cells that mediate nonspecific immunity, such as neutrophils and natural killer cells. Zinc deficiency also impairs the development of acquired immunity by preventing both the growth and certain functions of T lymphocytes, such as activation and cytokine production (Shankar & Prasad, 1998, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9701160/ ).

Zinc and skin diseases: Zinc is a necessary trace element and an important component of proteins and other biological molecules. It has many biological functions, including antioxidant properties, maintaining the integrity of skin and mucous membranes, and promoting various enzymatic and transcriptional reactions. Zinc deficiency can lead to a number of skin diseases. In recent years, zinc supplementation has been used for various skin conditions, including infectious diseases (viral warts, genital herpes), inflammatory diseases (hidradenitis suppurativa, acne vulgaris, rosacea), and pigmentary disorders (vitiligo, melasma) (Zou, Du, Yang, & Cao, 2023, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36733937/ ).